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1.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 65(1): 33-37, Jan. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-985003

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical efficacy and the possible mechanisms of saxagliptin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS A total of 95 T2DM and NAFLD patients were randomly divided into group A (saxagliptin group), group B (glimepiride group), and group C (glimepiride combined with polyene phosphatidylcholine group). RESULTS After intervention treatment for 24 w, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), interleukin-6 (IL-6), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT), and quantitative detection of liver steatosis of study subjects were observed, the action of liver steatosis in subjects of groups A and C were significantly different from those of group B; however, there were no differences between groups A and C. The FINS, HOMA-IR, and IL-6 of subjects in group A was lower than those in groups B and C; however, there were no significant differences between the latter two groups. CONCLUSION For T2DM combined with NAFLD patients, the saxagliptin treatment could not only effectively control blood glucose but also attenuate insulin resistance and inflammatory injury of the liver to improve fatty liver further.


RESUMO OBJETIVO Investigar a eficácia clínica e os possíveis mecanismos da saxagliptina no tratamento do diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) associado à doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA). MÉTODOS Um total de 95 DM2 combinados com pacientes com DHGNA foram aleatoriamente divididos em grupo A (grupo saxagliptina), grupo B (grupo glimepirida) e grupo C (glimepirida combinado com grupo fosfatidilcolina polienizada). RESULTADOS Após a intervenção tratamento por 24 w, índice de massa corporal (IMC), relação cintura-quadril (RCQ), hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c), glicemia de jejum (FPG), insulina de jejum (Fins), avaliação do modelo homeostático de insulina resistência (Homa-IR), interleucina-6 (IL-6), triglicérides (TG), colesterol total (CT), alanina aminotransferase (ALT), aspartato aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamiltransferase (γ-GT) e detecção de esteatose hepática dos sujeitos do estudo foram observados. Ação de esteatose hepática de indivíduos nos grupos A e C foram significativamente diferentes do grupo B; no entanto, não houve diferenças entre os grupos A e C. Os grupos Fins, Homa-IR e IL-6 dos participantes do grupo A foram menores que os dos grupos B e C; no entanto, não houve diferenças significativas entre os dois últimos grupos. CONCLUSÃO Para o DM2 combinado com pacientes com DHGNA, o tratamento com saxagliptina pode não apenas controlar efetivamente a glicemia, mas também atenuar a resistência à insulina e a lesão inflamatória do fígado para melhorar ainda mais o fígado gorduroso.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Phosphatidylcholines/administration & dosage , Sulfonylurea Compounds/administration & dosage , Adamantane/analogs & derivatives , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage , Blood Glucose , Insulin Resistance , Adamantane/administration & dosage , Body Mass Index , Treatment Outcome , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Dipeptides/administration & dosage , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications , Middle Aged
2.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 62(4): 424-430, July-Aug. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-950077

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: This analysis compared the efficacy and safety of the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, dapagliflozin, and the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitor, saxagliptin, both added on to metformin. Materials and methods: This was a post-hoc analysis from a double-blind, randomized, 24-week clinical trial (NCT01606007) of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) inadequately controlled with metformin. We compared the dapagliflozin 10 mg (n = 179) and saxagliptin 5 mg (n = 176) treatment arms. Results: Dapagliflozin showed significantly greater mean reductions versus saxagliptin in HbA1c (difference versus saxagliptin [95% CI]: −0.32% [-0.54, −0.10]; p < 0.005), fasting plasma glucose (-0.98 [-1.42, −0.54] mmol/L; p < 0.0001), body weight (-2.39 [-3.08, −1.71] kg; p < 0.0001) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (-3.89 [-6.15, −1.63] mmHg; p < 0.001). More dapagliflozintreated than saxagliptin-treated patients achieved the composite endpoint of HbA1c reduction ≥ 0.5%, weight loss ≥ 2 kg, SBP reduction ≥ 2 mmHg and no major/minor hypoglycemia (24% versus 7%). No major events of hypoglycemia were reported. More patients on dapagliflozin (6%) versus saxagliptin (0.6%) experienced genital infections. Conclusion: Dapagliflozin demonstrated greater glycemic efficacy than saxagliptin with additional benefits on weight and SBP, and the safety profile was consistent with previous studies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Benzhydryl Compounds/therapeutic use , Adamantane/analogs & derivatives , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Dipeptides/therapeutic use , Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Glucosides/therapeutic use , Benzhydryl Compounds/adverse effects , Blood Glucose/drug effects , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Body Weight/drug effects , Adamantane/adverse effects , Adamantane/therapeutic use , Double-Blind Method , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Dipeptides/adverse effects , Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2/therapeutic use , Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors/adverse effects , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Metformin/therapeutic use
3.
Lima; s.n; feb. 2016. tab.
Non-conventional in Spanish | LILACS, BRISA | ID: biblio-848620

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Antecedentes: El Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación (IETSI) ha recibido la solicitud de evaluar el uso de vildagliptina para su uso en pacientes adultos mayores con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, con riesgo de hipoglicemia y limitantes para uso de insulina (con alto grado de dependencia), sin control metabólico adecuado (según HBA1c) a pesar de tratamiento con metformina a dosis máxima y Glibenclamida dentro del sistema de EsSalud, indicación actualmente no contemplada en el petitorio de medicamentos. Generalidades: La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM-2), forma que representa el 90-95% de los casos de diabetes. Es una enfermedad metabólica crónica que se caracteriza por la pérdida paulatina de la capacidad de secretar insulina a nivel de las células beta del páncreas así como por el aumento progresivo de la resistencia a la insulina, lo cual hace que los pacientes mantengan y eventualmente sufran las consecuencias de mantener niveles elevados de glucosa en su sangre. Como tal la DM-2 constituye una seria amenaza para la salud pública tanto a nivel mundial como en el Perú donde se prevé que pronto se convertirá uno de los principales contribuyentes a la carga de enfermedad en el país. Su incidencia en el Perú se encuentra en aumento. Tecnología Sanitaria de Interés: Los Inhibidores de DPP-4: Los inhibidores de DPP-4 son hipoglicemiantes orales que actúan como inhibidores reversibles de las enzima DPP-4 (dipeptidil peptidasa 4, EC 3.4.14.5), una enzima que está implicada en la inactivación de las hormonas incretinas GLP-1 (péptido similar al glucagón 1) y GIP (polipéptido insulinotrópico dependiente de la glucosa), ambas a su vez implicadas en la regulación fisiológica de la homeostasis de la glucosa. Descubiertos hace ya más de una década, a la fecha en el mercado internacional se disponen de más de ocho diferentes inhibidores de DPP-4. METODOLOGÍA: Estrategia de Búsqueda: El protocolo de esta revisión sistemática fue preparado y revisado con el equipo técnico de IETSI. Las siguientes fuentes han sido revisadas y consultadas: Medline/Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Trip Database, The Cochrane Library, The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) del Reino Unido, The National Guideline Clearinghouse (NCG) de los Estados Unidos, The International Diabetes Federation (IFD). RESULTADOS: uego de revisar un total de 837 documentos resultados de nuestra búsqueda bibliográfica, logramos filtrar 61 estudios relevantes para nuestra pregunta PICO de interés (Tabla 1), de los cuales sólo 8 fueron finalmente seleccionados para nuestro análisis toda vez que constituían estudios relevantes que resumían la mejor evidencia disponible (5 ensayos clínicos, 1 meta-análisis y una guía clínica) sobre la eficacia y seguridad atribuible al uso de un inhibidor de DPP-4 en regímenes de terapia doble (combinado con metformina) o triple (combinado con metformina y una sulfonilurea) comparados con metformina más una sulfonilurea en el manejo de pacientes con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus de tipo 2. CONCLUSIONES: A la fecha no se puede recomendar el uso de inhibidores de DPP-4 como una alternativa tan o más eficaz y segura a la terapia combinada con metformina y una sulfonilurea, ya sea en regímenes de terapia doble (como reemplazo de la sulfonilurea) o triple (como un tercer hipoglicemiante oral adicional a este esquema de tratamiento) en el manejo de pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 con mal control metabólico no tributarios de manejo con insulina. La evidencia disponible sugiere que el uso de inhibidores de DDP-4 en un régimen doble (metformina más un inhibidor de DPP-4) si bien es una alternativa de tratamiento que se asocia con un riesgo igual o menor de eventos adversos que la terapia combinada con metformina y una sulfonilurea, no ofrece mayor beneficio en términos de eficacia; mientras que por el contrario, en el caso de la terapia triple (metformina más una sulfonilurea y un inhibidor de DPP-4) si bien sí constituye una alternativa de tratamiento más eficaz que la terapia combinada con metformina y una sulfonilurea se asocia con un mayor riesgo de eventos adversos asociados al tratamiento, y en particular con un mayor riesgo de eventos hipoglicémicos. Asimismo a la fecha, poco se sabe con respecto la seguridad del uso de inhibidores de DPP-4 al largo plazo, en cualquier régimen de tratamiento, desconociéndose en particular cuál puede ser impacto en el riesgo cardiovascular de los pacientes al largo plazo. En consecuencia, no podemos recomendar el uso de ningún inhibidor de DPP-4 en regímenes de terapia dual o triple, en el tratamiento de pacientes adulto mayores de 60 años con diagnóstico de DM-2, con riesgo de hipoglicemia y limitantes para uso de insulina (con alto grado de dependencia*), sin control metabólico adecuado (según HbAl c) con metformina a dosis máxima y Glibenclamida por cuanto no se disponen de evidencias suficientes para sobrepesar los beneficios con respecto a los riesgos al largo plazo que su uso pueda tener.


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Adamantane/analogs & derivatives , Adamantane , Glyburide/therapeutic use , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Hypoglycemia/complications , Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage , Insulin/therapeutic use , Metformin/therapeutic use , Treatment Outcome , Cost-Benefit Analysis
4.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 881-887, 2013.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-159651

ABSTRACT

We investigated characteristics associated with the efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes. We reviewed medical records of 477 patients who had taken sitagliptin or vildagliptin longer than 40 weeks. Response to DPP4i was evaluated with HbA1c change after therapy (DeltaHbA1c). The Student's t-test between good responders (GR: DeltaHbA1c > 1.0%) and poor responders (PR: DeltaHbA1c < 0.5%), a correlation analysis among clinical parameters, and a linear multivariate regression analysis were performed. The mean age was 60 yr, duration of diabetes 11 yr and HbA1c was 8.1%. Baseline fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, C-peptide, and creatinine were significantly higher in the GR compared to the PR. Duration of diabetes, FPG, HbA1c, C-peptide and creatinine were significantly correlated with DeltaHbA1c. In the multivariate analysis, age (r2 = 0.006), duration of diabetes (r2 = 0.019), HbA1c (r2 = 0.296), and creatinine levels (r2 = 0.024) were independent predictors for the response to DPP4i. Body mass index and insulin resistance were not associated with the response to DPP4i. In conclusion, better response to DPP4i would be expected in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes who have higher baseline HbA1c and creatinine levels with shorter duration of diabetes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Adamantane/analogs & derivatives , Blood Glucose/analysis , Body Mass Index , C-Peptide/analysis , Creatinine/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis , Insulin Resistance , Multivariate Analysis , Nitriles/therapeutic use , Pyrazines/therapeutic use , Pyrrolidines/therapeutic use , Retrospective Studies , Triazoles/therapeutic use
5.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 58(3): 294-301, May-June 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-639552

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Comparar custos e benefícios clínicos de três terapias adicionais à metformina (MF) para pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2). MÉTODOS: Um modelo de simulação de eventos discretos foi construído para estimar a relação custo-utilidade (custo por QALY) da saxagliptina como uma terapia adicional à MF comparada à rosiglitazona ou pioglitazona. Um modelo de impacto orçamentário (BIM - Budget Impact Model) foi construído para simular o impacto econômico da adoção de saxagliptina no contexto do Sistema Suplementar de Saúde brasileiro. RESULTADOS: O custo de aquisição da medicação para o grupo de pacientes hipotéticos analisados, para o horizonte temporal de três anos, foi de R$ 10.850.185,00, R$ 14.836.265,00 e R$ 14.679.099,00 para saxagliptina, pioglitazona e rosiglitazona, respectivamente. Saxagliptina exibiu menores custos e maior efetividade em ambas as comparações, com economias projetadas para os três primeiros anos de -R$ 3.874,00 e -R$ 3.996,00, respectivamente. O BIM estimou uma economia cumulativa de R$ 417.958,00 com o reembolso da saxagliptina em três anos a partir da perspectiva de uma operadora de plano de saúde com 1 milhão de vidas cobertas. CONCLUSÃO: Da perspectiva da fonte pagadora privada, a projeção é de que o acréscimo de saxagliptina à MF poupe custos quando comparado ao acréscimo de rosiglitazona ou pioglitazona em pacientes com DMT2 que não atingiram a meta de hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) com metformina em monoterapia. O BIM, para a inclusão de saxagliptina nas listas de reembolso das operadoras de planos de saúde, indicou uma economia significativa para o horizonte de 3 anos.


OBJECTIVES: To compare costs and clinical benefits of three additional therapies to metformin (MF) for patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). METHODS: A discrete event simulation model was built to estimate the cost-utility ratio (cost per quality-adjusted life years [QALY]) of saxagliptine as an additional therapy to MF when compared to rosiglitazone or pioglitazone. A budget impact model (BIM) was built to simulate the economic impact of saxagliptine use in the context of the Brazilian private health system. RESULTS: The acquiring medication costs for the hypothetical patient group analyzed in a time frame of three years, were R$ 10,850,185, R$ 14,836,265 and R$ 14,679,099 for saxagliptine, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, respectively. Saxagliptine showed lower costs and greater effectiveness in both comparisons, with projected savings for the first three years of R$ 3,874 and R$ 3,996, respectively. The BIM estimated cumulative savings of R$ 417,958 with the repayment of saxagliptine in three years from the perspective of a health plan with 1,000,000 covered individuals. CONCLUSION: From the perspective of private paying source, the projection is that adding saxagliptine with MF save costs when compared with the addition of rosiglitazone or pioglitazone in patients with DM2 that have not reached the HbA1c goal with metformin monotherapy. The BIM of including saxagliptine in the reimbursement lists of health plans indicated significant savings on the three-year horizon.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , /drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage , Adamantane/administration & dosage , Adamantane/analogs & derivatives , Adamantane/economics , Cost-Benefit Analysis , /economics , Dipeptides/administration & dosage , Dipeptides/economics , Drug Therapy, Combination/economics , Hypoglycemic Agents/economics , Metformin/administration & dosage , Metformin/economics , Private Sector , Thiazolidinediones/administration & dosage , Thiazolidinediones/economics
6.
Medwave ; 12(2)feb. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-714147

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Determinar la relación costo efectividad incremental del agregado de saxagliptina o sulfonilureas en Colombia a personas con DMT2 que no logran alcanzar metas glucémicas con metformina, durante un período máximo de 20 años. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio de costo efectividad, utilizando un modelo de simulación de eventos discretos con incremento de tiempo fijo (Diabetes Cardiff Model). Las características de la cohorte de pacientes y el perfil de eficacia para cada tratamiento se obtuvieron de la literatura. El costo de los medicamentos se obtuvo de SISMED y Farmaprecios. Los costos de los eventos macro y microvasculares se basaron en el POS, Manual Tarifario SOAT y consulta con experto local. La tasa de descuento en costos y beneficios fue 3,5 por ciento. Resultados: En el grupo tratado con saxagliptina registramos menos eventos fatales y no fatales y menos episodios de hipoglucemia. En ambas estrategias los mayores costos correspondieron a los medicamentos, seguidos por los asociados al tratamiento del infarto de miocardio. El costo incremental de la terapia con saxagliptina fue de US$ 555.552 a 20 años. El tratamiento con saxagliptina redundó en un mayor número de Años de Vida Ajustados por Calidad (AVAC) y Años de Vida Ganados (AVG), respecto al obtenido con sulfonilureas. El costo por AVAC fue de US$ 2.190. Los resultados de costo efectividad fueron robustos al análisis de sensibilidad. Conclusión: El agregado de saxagliptina a pacientes que no logran un control glucémico adecuado con metformina, es muy costo efectiva comparada con el agregado de sulfonilureas.


Objective: To determine in Colombia, the cost effectiveness ratio of the saxagliptin or sulphonylureas addition to patients with T2DM who fail to achieve glycemic goals with metformin, for a maximum period of 20 years. Methods: We performed a cost effectiveness analysis, using a discrete event simulation model with fixed time step (Cardiff Diabetes Model). The characteristics of the cohort of patients and efficacy profile for each treatment were obtained from the literature. The cost of medication was obtained from SISMED and Farmaprecios. The costs of macro and microvascular events were based on POS tariffs, SOAT Manual and consultation with local expert. The discount rate on costs and benefits was 3.5 percent. Results: The group treated with saxagliptin had fewer fatal and nonfatal events and fewer episodes of hypoglycemia than the one with sulfonylureas. In both strategies the higher cost corresponds to the drugs, followed by those associated with the treatment of myocardial infarction. The incremental cost of saxagliptin therapy was US$ 555.552 to 20 years. Saxagliptin treatment resulted in a greater number of quality-adjusted life year (QALYs) and life-years gained (LYG) than that obtained with sulfonylureas. The cost per QALY was US$ 2,190. Cost-effectiveness results were robust to sensitivity analysis. Conclusion: Addition of saxagliptin to patients who do not achieve adequate glycemic control with metformin, is highly cost-effective compared with the addition of sulphonylureas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , /drug therapy , Dipeptides/economics , Dipeptides/therapeutic use , Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors/economics , Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Adamantane/analogs & derivatives , Colombia , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Drug Therapy, Combination , /economics , Economics, Pharmaceutical , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Latin America , Metformin/therapeutic use , Quality-Adjusted Life Years
7.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 55(4): 260-265, June 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-593118

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of adding vildagliptin to the treatment of patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with a combination of metformin and a sulphonylurea. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 37 T2DM patients with HbA1c ranging from 7.7 percent to 12.4 percent (mean of 9.30 ± 1.38), despite the use of metformin in combination with a sulphonylurea, were additionally treated with vildagliptin (100 mg/day) for at least 6 months. RESULTS: During triple oral therapy (TOT) HbA1c levels < 7 percent were achieved in 11 patients (29.7 percent), whereas levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) < 120 mg/dL were observed in 12 patients (32.4 percent). Both findings were observed in 10 patients (27.0 percent). Compared to nonresponsive subjects, lower mean baseline HbA1c and FPG levels were seen in responsive patients, but the difference was only statistically significant for fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Moreover, there was considerable overlap between the two groups. CONLUSION: Our preliminary results suggest that TOT with metformin, a sulphonylurea and vildagliptin may be useful for some T2DM patients nonresponsive to combination therapy with metformin and sulphonylurea.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia da adição de vildagliptina ao tratamento de pacientes com diabetes melito tipo 2 (DM2) inadequadamente controlados com a terapia de combinação com metformina e sulfonilureia. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: 37 pacientes com DM2 e HbA1c variando entre 7,7 por cento e 12,4 por cento (média, 9,30 ± 1,38), apesar do uso de metformina associada a uma sulfonilureia, foram adicionalmente tratados com vildagliptina (100 mg/dia) durante, pelo menos, 6 meses. RESULTADOS: Durante a terapia oral tripla TOT), níveis de HbA1c < 7 por cento foram alcançados em 11 pacientes (27,9 por cento), enquanto a glicemia de jejum (GJ) < 120 mg/dL foi observada em 12 pacientes (32,4.1 por cento). Ambos os resultados foram descritos em 10 pacientes (27,0 por cento). Em comparação com indivíduos não responsivos, os pacientes responsivos tinham níveis basais mais baixos de HbA1c e GJ, mas a diferença foi estatisticamente significativa somente para glicemia de jejum. Além disso, houve grande sobre-posição entre os dois grupos. CONSLUSÃO: Nossos resultados preliminares sugerem que a TOT com metformina, uma sulfonilureia e vildagliptina pode ser útil para alguns pacientes com DM2 não responsivos à combinação com metformina e uma sulfonilureia.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Adamantane/analogs & derivatives , /drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage , Metformin/administration & dosage , Nitriles/therapeutic use , Pyrrolidines/therapeutic use , Sulfonylurea Compounds/therapeutic use , Administration, Oral , Analysis of Variance , Adamantane/therapeutic use , Blood Glucose/metabolism , /blood , Drug Therapy, Combination/methods , Fasting/blood , Glycated Hemoglobin/metabolism , Time Factors , Treatment Failure , Treatment Outcome
8.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 52(6): 1039-1049, ago. 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-492936

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance is predicted to dramatically increase over the next two decades. Clinical therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have traditionally included lifestyle modification, oral anti-diabetic agents, and ultimately insulin initiation. In this report, we review the clinical trial results of two innovative T2DM treatment therapies that are based on the glucoregulatory effects of incretin hormones. Incretin mimetics are peptide drugs that mimic several of the actions of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and have been shown to lower glycated hemoglobin (A1C) levels in patients with T2DM. Additionally, incretin mimetics lower postprandial and fasting glucose, suppress elevated glucagon release, and are associated with progressive weight reduction. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors increase endogenous GLP-1 levels by inhibiting the enzymatic degradation of GLP-1. Clinical studies in patients with T2DM have shown that DPP-4 inhibitors reduce elevated A1C, lower postprandial and fasting glucose, suppress glucagon release, and are weight neutral. Collectively, these new drugs, given in combination with other antidiabetic agents, such as metformin, sulfonylureas, and/or thiazolidinediones, can help restore glucose homeostasis in poorly controlled patients with T2DM.


É previsto que a prevalência de diabetes e a intolerância à glicose aumente dramaticamente ao longo das próximas duas décadas. As terapias clínicas para diabetes melito tipo 2 (DM2) têm tradicionalmente incluído modificação do estilo de vida, agentes antidiabéticos orais e, por último, o início da insulina. Neste artigo, revisamos os resultados dos estudos clínicos de duas terapias inovadoras no tratamento do DM2 baseadas nos efeitos glicorregulatórios dos hormônios incretina. Os incretinomiméticos são medicamentos peptídeos que mimetizam várias das ações do peptídeo semelhante ao glucagon-1 (GLP-1) e têm demonstrado reduzir níveis de hemoglobina glicada (A1C) em pacientes com DM2. Adicionalmente, incretinomiméticos reduzem as glicemias pós-prandial e de jejum, suprimem a liberação elevada do glucagon, e são associados com redução de peso. Os inibidores da dipeptidil peptidase-4 (DPP-4) aumentam os níveis de GLP-1 endógeno pela inibição da degradação enzimática do GLP-1. Estudos clínicos em pacientes com DM2 têm demonstrado que inibidores da DPP-4 reduzem A1C elevada, reduzem as glicemias pós-prandial e de jejum, suprimem a liberação elevada do glucagon e são neutros quanto ao peso. Coletivamente, estas novas medicações, administradas em combinação com outros agentes antidiabéticos, como metformina, sulfoniluréias e/ou tiazolidinedionas (TZDs), podem ajudar a recuperar a homeostase glicêmica de pacientes com DM2 não-controlados.


Subject(s)
Humans , /drug therapy , Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Incretins/therapeutic use , Adamantane/analogs & derivatives , Adamantane/therapeutic use , Blood Glucose/drug effects , Body Weight/drug effects , Fasting , Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/analogs & derivatives , Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/drug effects , Glycated Hemoglobin/drug effects , Nitriles/therapeutic use , Postprandial Period , Peptides/therapeutic use , Pyrazines/therapeutic use , Pyrrolidines/therapeutic use , Triazoles/therapeutic use , Venoms/therapeutic use
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